And now, in another time of economic turmoil, it is up to you to take Portugal into this brave new world. In 1999, with the handover of Macau to China, the first and longest-lived global empire - lasting over half a millennium - came to an end. On the 25th of April in 1974, it would be overthrown, and most of the remaning colonies granted their independence. After the country going bankrupt twice on the turn of the century, political turmoil would eventually lead to a dictatorship. Portugal would be able to expand some colonies in Africa in the 19th century, but it would lose much. The royal family fled to Brazil, but this would lead to an expansion of Brazilian cultural identity and eventually independence. But France's invasion of Portugal under Napoleon in the early 19th century showed such international focus left them vulnerable at home. Portugal took land strategically, understanding that the largest of empires are not necessarily the most powerful. And thus began the world's first truly international empire.
But this would not be enough - the 15th century would see the first Portuguese colonies aiming to make a safe sea route all the way to India, and after Christopher Columbus' voyage to the "New World", the Spanish and Portuguese wanted these new lands, and divided the non-Christian world between them in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas. Over time, the county grew to a kingdom, conquering remaining areas in the contemporary borders of Portugal during the 13th century. While various tribes and empires held pieces of land which would become Portugal (or the whole of it as part of a wider empire,) it could be argued a distinct Portuguese identity began to form with the county of Portugal in the 9th century of the common era, reconquered from the Muslim Moors. Note: This guide assumes you have all game-altering DLC and expansion packs (all Civ packs, Wonders of the Ancient World, Gods & Kings and Brave New World)
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